Eureka! A great introductory physics series for kids (any age :) )

Back when I was teaching a course in “Conceptual Physics”, I stumbled upon a wonderful series of short animated educational videos that do a great job of introducing basic concepts of physics for kids (or adults!)

Sadly, these do not seem to be available anywhere in high-quality video — only very low resolution copies seem to have survived. To make sure that they remain available (at least to my family 🙂 ) I’ve uploaded the series on this blog (each one is separately linked by topic, and at the bottom is a single link to the directory)

I urge everyone to play these for your kids! Smaller screens will make tolerating the very low quality easier.

The following is quoted from a Wikipedia article…

“Eureka! is a Canadian educational television series which was produced and broadcast by TVOntario in 1980 and 1981. The series was narrated by Billy Van, and featured a series of animated vignettes which taught physics lessons to children. 

Each program takes a simple and direct approach to the subject matter; while the basic concepts are explained in a voice-over, cartoon characters and a variety of animated objects demonstrate the principles on the screen. Constant review and reinforcement make the message clear; as a result, the study of physics becomes easy and accessible – even to viewers without a solid background in the subject. Basic formulae and concepts are introduced with a recap of what was learnt in the previous episode to build knowledge on a topic and create connections. 

30 episodes were produced. All of the episodes are five minutes in length.”

NOTE: SINCE THE EPISODES BUILD ON EACH OTHER, IT IS IMPORTANT TO WATCH THE SERIES IN ORDER.

Unit 1: Force and Energy

    Inertia
    Mass
    Speed
    Acceleration I
    Acceleration II
    Gravity
    Weight vs Mass
    Work
    Kinetic Energy
    Potential Energy and Speed

Unit 2: Simple Machines

    The Inclined Plane
    The Lever
    Mechanical Advantage and Friction
    The Screw and the Wheel
    The Pulley

Unit 3: Heat and Temperature

    Molecules in Solids
    Molecules in Liquids
    Evaporation and Condensation
    Expansion and Contraction
    Measuring Temperature
    Temperature vs Heat

Unit 4: The Conduction of Heat

    Atoms
    Electrons
    Conduction

Unit 5: The Convection of Heat

    Volume and Density
    Buoyancy
    Convection

Unit 6: The Radiation of Heat

    Heat as Energy
    Radiation Waves
    The Radiation Spectrum


The following is a link to the entire set of 30 videos (same as the individual links above)

https://hershelbelkin.info/HB-UPLOADS/Eureka Physics Videos/

The Hope Estate adventure, 1965

In 1965, shortly after we moved to Ottawa, we were living in Edinburgh, right on the border of Rockliffe (the wealthiest Ottawa neighborhood). I had a friend from school (Jeff) and one day we decided to have an adventure.

A few blocks from us was an old abandoned mansion. There was a sign in front of the property stating that it would soon be demolished to make way for new townhouses.

We figured that if it was going to be demolished anyways why not explore it?

No one knew much about this place, but it was commonly referred to as the Hope estate, and it had a reputation like a typical haunted house of the movies.

As we walk to the property, an old lady sitting outside a nearby home called out to us and warned us to stay away from the Hope estate… She said everyone who lived there had died in that house and some were even buried on the property! We of course figured she was just trying to scare a couple of 12-year-olds.

In any case we did go and explore the property. It was extremely interesting. The house itself was very large although in very bad disrepair. The staircase was in such bad shape that we were afraid to go upstairs. We did find a small food elevator otherwise known as a dumb waiter… who even had those things?

The house itself had been ransacked and anything of any interest had been taken long ago. Around the back of the house there were some raised patches of ground the approximate shape and size of graves.. so we avoided that area 🙂

But next to the house was a large wooden shed. The shed, it seems, had been ignored by whoever emptied the house. Not that there was anything of value in there, but lots of interesting things for a couple of 12-year-olds.

And mysteries galore!! We found over a year’s worth of weekly religious newspapers from England that were all in their original mailing wrapper, never opened or read but carefully stored in the garage. Why would someone pay for a subscription to be mailed from England and then never read them?

We also found a torn open box with tons of handwritten letters that had been stored in the shed. We pulled a few of them out and started to read… We quickly realized that they were written by some young woman or teenager to a friend of hers in England. From the little bits that we read and that I remember she described problems in the family, financial worries primarily. Although I don’t remember the dates on the letters they were clearly very old.

Among the various objects there wasn’t anything too interesting. I found an old wooden kids high chair which was just basically a stool with a short ladder back. I decided that it might be a useful sturdy wooden stool for me so I took it (and later sawed off the back) Jeff found an old Indian exercise device that looked like a large wooden bowling pin about 3 ft high, which he took.

I also found several Good Housekeeping magazines from the late 1920s, and a Canadian weather almanac from 1924 all of which I took, and still have!

Couple of weeks later we returned to the site to watch the demolition. We were shocked to discover that the shed had a second floor! It had not been obvious to us from the inside since it was only accessed by a trap door in the ceiling. In any case when they went to demolish it they found a lot of interesting stuff stored up there including an entire sleigh complete with leather harnesses.

Fast forward over 50 years, and in 2022 I decided to see if anyone could give me any information about that place. Since I had already joined an Ottawa historical Facebook group I posted some questions there asking if anyone had ever heard of this place called The Hope estate.

Remarkably, somebody who was something of a historian answered with all kinds of information! It was in fact owned by The Hope family, and the owner apparently had a famous  bookstore on Sparks street in downtown Ottawa.

It seems that some of the stories were at least partially correct.

From the replies on Facebook:

From the 1923 Directory: 174 Dufferin Road was the home of Mrs. Frances Hope who was the widow of James Hope senior. In 1899 their three sons, James C., John and William W. were all living there, with James senior. The house was still there in 1965 but replaced by a townhouse development by 1976. The Hope Building on Sparks Street is named after James Hope.

Here is the Hope family in New Edinburgh at the 1901 census. They were also all at 174 Dufferin in 1891 when it was listed as a 3-storey brick house with 14 rooms. They were also all there in 1881. James moved to New Edinburgh from downtown in 1875. James, Frances, William, and Fanny were there at the 1911 census, with daughter in law Annie Hope and granddaughter Nora Bell Hope.

The last family member to live in the house may have been the daughter Fanny, born in 1872 and still living there, unmarried, in October 1933, when she died of breast cancer in the General Hospital. The mother Frances died of old age in the house in September 1930. James Hope died in the house in March 1922, of old age and prostate cancer. James Hope had immigrated from England in 1860 and was established as a stationer and bookseller at Sparks and Elgin by 1864. He was very religious and always advertised bibles and prayer books. His new building on Sparks in 1910 was called “Bible House”.

I’m posting images of a couple of the magazine covers, as well as some selected ads that I scanned from the magazine.. they are quite interesting!

I also scanned the entire 1924 Canadian weather almanac which makes for some quite interesting reading as well!

A risky adventure in Ottawa, 1965

In 1965 we were living at 10 Maple Lane in the Edinburgh section of Ottawa. Less than 2 blocks away was the wrought iron fence surrounding the huge estate known as Rideau Hall, the official residence of the Governor General of Canada.

A friend of mine (I believe from the boy scouts, but I don’t recall his name) suggested one night that we sneak through the fence and go exploring. This, of course, would be tresspassing and could get us into trouble, so I wasn’t keen to participate. However, he explained that his father was the Aide de camp (personal assistant) to the Governor General (at the time Jules Leger), and so he had been on the grounds before.

In any case, being adventurous 12-year olds, we did sneak in. Looking at pictures of that fence today I can’t imagine how we got through. I just remember that somehow where the wrought iron posts met with the cement columns the space was enough for us to barely squeeze through.

We spent probably about 40 minutes walking around and exploring in the dark. For some reason I don’t recall anymore, my friend was carrying a coffee can filled with Red devil firecrackers!

My friend instructed me that if anyone saw us or asked us what we were doing I should not say anything but let him do the talking. He explained that there were other houses on the property that various servants lived in with their families, so it was not unusual to see children on the grounds.

As it turns out, we took a much greater risk than we anticipated… because that night there was a foreign diplomat visiting Rideau Hall, and RCMP officers were everywhere

At one point as we were walking down a small dark street, a security guard pointed a flashlight at us. My friend simply waved at him and said hi with a big smile and walked on! He explained to me that since he didn’t run away but acted as though he belonged there, the guard simply assumed he was one of the children who lived on the property.

After that we decided we’d better leave since we noticed the large presence of police. So that was our adventure, one that luckily ended without incident. Who knows what would have happened had they stopped us and noticed the can of firecrackers!

Red flag is where we lived, Rideau Hall estate is the huge estate just to the NE
Same thing in a 3D view
How we got through this fence eludes me
The actual mansion of the Governor General. The estate had tennis courts, a skating rink, a small ski hill/toboggan run, and lots of wooded areas.
Rideau Hall

Abandoned mica mine adventure, 1968

Sometime in the late 60’s I went exploring with some friends up at our cottage at Battle Lake, near Perkins-Sur-Le-Lac, Quebec. We took our boats through the narrow channel connecting our lake to the much larger Lac Rheaume and then went to a small bay where we had previously noticed something that looked like an old path through the wilderness. We hiked along that old path, using branches to chase away the vicious horseflies that kept trying to bite us.

After a while we came upon a very tiny but beautiful lake with the bluest water I’d ever seen. Completely untouched, it was quite a sight. Unfortunately I don’t seem to have taken a photo of the lake — probably because I was only shooting black and white film.

Exploring further, we found what we quickly realized was a long-abandoned mica mine! The site consisted of a collapsed wooden shack containing some old rusty equipment. One piece looked a bit like a tractor but seemed like it maybe was an air compressor of some sort, presumably to power drills or other mining equipment. There was lots of mica all around the ground. (Mica is a unique mineral that separates into thin, almost transparent amber-colored sheets. It was used as insulation for many years, especially around WWII when it was in great demand.)

I found a few photos that I took of the shed and equipment. Wish i had taken more!

POSTSCRIPT: I just looked up Gardner-Denver (the name on the abandoned equipment.) They still exist, and are in fact specialists in air compression equipment, so my guess at the time was correct!

Doing a bit more research, I found an amazing paper written in 1997 that describes the entire Perkins-Sur-Le-Lac area from a mining perspective. For those of us who remember Lac Batteille (Battle Lake) and Rheaume, this makes for fascinating reading!


A brief article I found online…


Here is a satellite photo of the area, including the two lakes mentioned…


The following are the photos I took of the abandoned mine shack and equipment…

Political convention, 1968

In April 1968 the Canadian Liberal Party held a convention to elect a new party leader. The convention was held in Ottawa’s stadium at that time, the Civic Ottawa Center.

Although he was not seen as a favorite to win, the charismatic Pierre Elliot Trudeau had garnered a lot of support as the convention arrived. However there was a large field of candidates, and a definite anti-Trudeau movement. This made for a very exciting atmosphere.

In those years I had become somewhat politically active — or at least interested — and, together with three friends from school, decided to try to attend the convention. As I recall, none of us had any particular political leaning… we were just interested in the process

The only way we could attend was by coming as volunteers to work for various candidates holding signs in the stands and cheering them on. Although the four of us were in favor of Trudeau, when we got to his offices we were told that he already had a full compliment of volunteers and was not allowed to take more. This was quite a disappointment, but it didn’t take us long to decide what to do… We went to the office of a competing candidate, Paul Hellyer, and volunteered to carry his signs. This worked, and we were not the only ones to do it: as soon as we got our passes and got into the actual convention we dumped his signs and took Trudeau signs. Clearly, the Trudeau camp expected this, and they had people waiting inside with tons of extra signs.

As I recall, the convention went on for about 3 days, and since high school was still in session, we were all skipping school for a couple of days. The experience however was an educational one!

We listened to all the candidates speak, and watched as the party delegates voted. It actually took five ballots to decide the leader, since a majority of 50% was required to win. After the results of each ballot was announced, we could observe lots of delegates visiting the various candidate camps, trying to convince the ones who were not doing well to drop out. It was actually very interesting.

In any case, I do have a few pictures that I took at the time both from inside the convention, and of my three friends as we proceeded to the convention in downtown Ottawa. (Unfortunately, there was no such thing as a selfie camera so I am not in those shots!)

The Ottawa Civic Center
On the way to the convention

Lunch break
Showing off the Paul Hellyer banner just before getting admitted to the convention hall and dumping them
I believe these were taken from the top of Ottawa’s Skyline hotel
Convention floor from our seating area
Same
My friend, Mike Ward, getting a bit spaced out after hours of speeches. Notice that iconic Trudeau poster in background
Trudeau on stage (this is not my photo)
The iconic Trudeau poster
From the way I look here, clearly the convention was very tiring!
(Set up my camera on a self-timer for a “selfie”)
This is how Pierre Elliot Trudeau looked at the time. Considered Canada’s most eligible bachelor.

Tornado! 1968

On Sunday, June 30, 1968 (I believe that was the date) there was a very violent storm centered around Denbury and Princeton, and down Denbury to Richmond Road. Was very likely a tornado but never officially called. Luckily it was a Sunday and summer break had just begun, because otherwise there would be lots of kids walking to and from school along this route.

I was babysitting my younger siblings and herded them into the basement as the sky got very dark and the winds picked up. I had always been interested in storms, so I stayed upstairs to watch. I remember the sky turned a strange dark yellow/brown color and fierce winds came up out of nowhere. I watched as lightning struck a transformer on a pole, and everything went flying into the street with huge blue-green sparks. I saw many large tree branches crashing down but luckily the huge tree right across the street didn’t fall. Just down the block, a few other trees didn’t survive the winds — and these were really huge, old trees. Some were split open and some were uprooted!

Right after the storm I went out with my camera (of course).

My school, Nepean High, directly across from our house.
Electric pole with emergency fire alarm pull-box right next to our house. Turns out that when it fell it triggered a fire alarm and the fire department arrived shortly afterwards
Two trees uprooted and fell on homes. Fortunately they fell rather slowly and didn’t cause too much damage.
The wind was strong enough to split this huge old tree trunk. You can judge it’s size by the people standing around it. Also note the old car!
Imagine the power of the wind that was able to pull this tree out of the ground
Old fire truck arrives on the scene at intersection of Denbury Ave and Richmond Road

Lightning strike, 2010

On June 27, 2010 I was sitting in my upstairs home office at my computer. There was a thunderstorm outside which was pretty common for summertime in Chicago (Skokie).

Suddenly there was the loudest CRACK of lightning like an explosion. Looking out my window I could see that the largest tree in the backyard had been hit by lightning. A large part of the upper portion of the tree had been split off and was lying in the yard and out to the street.

Running downstairs to investigate I found some major damages besides the tree itself: our in-ground sprinkler system and our outdoor lighting system were both destroyed.

I was amazed that even though these were both low-voltage systems with very low capacity wiring, the wires were somehow able to carry the enormous voltage surge of the lighting conducted through the ground. Moreover, that surge of electrical energy got translated to physical energy when it reached any control points. As the photos (taken and annotated for insurance) show, the control boxes for both systems were physically blown off the building! And in the case of the sprinkler control, the box was blown open, wires ripped, and components flung as far as 20 feet!

The photos show the damages, and effectively illustrate the amazing power of electrical energy. I remain surprised that the fine wires didn’t just melt and act like a fuse, but rather delivered this huge surge of energy.

Afterwards, I found that in my office an external disc drive had its electronics destroyed and also a small battery-operated clock had its time reset! The clock was intriguing because it was not connected to anything, so it was simply the electro-magnetic pulse from the bolt of lightning that affected it!

The photos that follow are annotated for insurance claim purposes.

US Citizen, 2019

Although we moved from Toronto to Chicago in 1992, I had never bothered to become a US citizen. As a “green card” holder, I had all the same rights as a citizen except for voting, so it never seemed important to me.

That changed in 2019. Like him or not as a person, I believe that President Donald Trump was great for America. I watched from the sidelines as he won the presidency in 2016, and was so impressed with his policies and real, definitive actions that I wanted the privilege of voting for him in 2020.

So I finally applied for citizenship, after living in the US for 26 years.

Of course I still hold Canadian citizenship, as one is able to have dual citizenship. I got my first US passport in July 2019.

Feeling good having just passed the citizenship tests at the US Citizenship and Immigration offices in Aventura, FL on March 13, 2019
My official certificate, awarded April 19, 2019.
As part of the process one had the opportunity of a legal name change, so — although I had used the name “Hershel” officially since I entered the US — I made it formally legal.
Generic citizenship letter with Donald Trump signature (mass produced of course). Still….

Scenic Photos

Over many years I shot many scenic images for my own interest. I thought it made sense to post a selection of my favorites with a bit of commentary….

One of my earliest scenic images, taken when I was about 8 at a small lake where we spent one summer. The wooden rowboat was ours.
Fascinating scene in Halifax, at low tide, taken when I was about 10. I didn’t have a wide enough lens so it was actually two images stitched together (originally two prints taped together, then much later digitally combined scans)
A small Montreal train station on a rainy day, late 60’s
Emerging spring in a Montreal alleyway.
Exploring one day around our cottage on Battle Lake in about 1969, I came across some French Canadian campers. Although I spoke almost no French and they spoke no English, they allowed me to take some photos. This fellow had hurt his leg, and I thought it made a great photo!
I found this tree on the banks of the Ottawa river not far from where I lived. It looked to me like a giant old man’s hand reaching for the heavens.
A stream in the woods of BushkiIl Falls, PA. To get this perspective I had to set up my tripod on a rock in the stream itself. A slow shutter speed allowed for the motion of the rushing water and also to record the subtle light in the darker wooded areas.
Also at BushkiIl Falls, this waterfall is called the Bridal Veil Falls. The area was roped off so as to allow visitors only on the other side, but I wanted this view, so I bypassed the ropes and set up in the shallow water to get what I still think is a more interesting view.
Yet another BushkiIl Falls image
A autumn tree portrait in Chicago. Besides the autumn colors, loved the windswept cirrus clouds and the hint of lake Michigan in the background. I spent almost an hour making this image, waiting for the best cloud pattern, sun/shadow pattern, and an absense of people walking by.
Winter after snowfall in a Chicago forest preserve.
Another late winter shot in the forest preserve area. I liked the sun bursting through, contrasting with the frigid air.
Forest preserve stream after late winter snowfall
An unusual shot of an early spring freeze… The tree had already budded, and this shot shows a bud encased in ice, but illuminated by the sun, which was seemingly trying to fee the bud.
Taken at the Chicago Botanical Gardens. I loved the juxtaposition of the rushing waters and the static flowers
A dragonfly showing off its amazing camouflage. The transparent sections of its wings allow the wood to show through, making it very hard for predators to spot it.
A fallen autumn oak leaf got trapped in some branches as it fell. I though it looked like it was desperately trying to cling to its life on the tree.
A mallard duck coming in for a landing on a lake in a Chicago park. It was mid-July, and the cottonwood seeds (fluff) were scattered all over the lake’s surface, adding to the interest of the shot.
This frog probably thought I couldn’t see it hiding among all those little “lentil-like” algea pieces floating in the water.
This deer looked right at me for this shot in a Chicago forest preserve
A lighthouse on lake Michigan, shot from a boat late in the day
Another late day shot on Lake Michigan
Same scene as above but shot towards the Chicago skyline